Synthesis and Stabilization of Subnanometric Gold Oxide Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Catalytic Activity

Leonor Alves, Belén Ballesteros, Mercedes Boronat, José R. Cabrero-Antonino, Patricia Concepción, Avelino Corma, Miguel A. Correa-Duarte, and Ernest Mendoza

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 10251–10261

Small gold nanoclusters in a very narrow size distribution (1.1 ± 0.5 nm) have been stabilized onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Theoretical studies supported by XPS and 16O2/18O2 isotopic exchange experiments have shown that, on small gold nanoparticles (0.9–1.5 nm), dissociation of molecular O2 and formation of a surface oxide-like layer is energetically favorable and occurs at room temperature, while O2 recombination and desorption involves a larger activation barrier. CO titration experiments and theoretical studies demonstrate that the reactivity of the oxidized particles toward CO does not only depend on particle size but also on oxygen coverage. The oxidation–reduction process described is reversible, and the oxidized nanoparticles are active in the epoxidation of styrene with air.